The principal city, Istanbul, formerly Constantinople, is an amazing kaleidoscope of exotic sights, sounds and smells, constantly reminding the visitor of its legendary Silk Road past.  The most spectacular of Turkey's classical sights are found along the Aegean Coast, including the 3000 year old ruins of Troy, made famous by the poet Homer; the ruins of the fabled city of Pergamum, on its historic hilltop and the magnificent temples, colonnaded streets and theatre of Ephesus.